{"id":6995,"date":"2016-11-23T22:11:01","date_gmt":"2016-11-23T20:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/?p=6995"},"modified":"2017-06-07T13:25:15","modified_gmt":"2017-06-07T10:25:15","slug":"sumer-sanati-ozellikleri-ve-sumer-sanat-eserleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/sanat-tarihi\/sumer-sanati-ozellikleri-ve-sumer-sanat-eserleri.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ve s\u00fcmer sanat eserleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131<\/h2>\n

Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi verece\u011fiz.S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ve S\u00fcmer sanat eserleri konusuna de\u011finece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Do\u011funun tarihi \u00fczerine g\u00f6lge salm\u0131\u015f bulunan B\u00e2bil, bizim i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn harap bir k\u0131y\u0131da toprak y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ibarettir. S\u00fcmer mim\u00e2risi<\/strong> yok olmu\u015ftur. Bal\u00e7\u0131ktan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan o saraylar, o m\u00e2bedler eriyip tekrar \u00e7amura d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. O harikul\u00e2de diye an\u0131lan yap\u0131lardan y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131dan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. L\u00e2kin bu durum merak\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 co\u015fturmu\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtirasla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kaz\u0131lar meydana bir\u00e7ok eserlerin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle o s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f medeniyet merkezleri \u00fczerinde edindi\u011fimiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce daha derin olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"s\u00fcmerlerde<\/a>

Akbabalar an\u0131t\u0131. Par\u00e7a. A. M. \u00d6. 2900. Kalker. Y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 1 m. 88. Tello\u2019da bulunmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 eseri An\u0131t\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan terkip edilmi\u015f. Birinci y\u00fcz\u00fc: Laga\u015f K\u0131ral\u0131 Ennatum\u2019un Umma \u015fehrine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferi canland\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00a0\u00abpen\u00e7eleri aras\u0131nda iki arslan\u0131 tutan arslan ba\u015fl\u0131 Kartal\u00bb dan tamlan \u015fehrin Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ningirsu, a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ine hapsetti\u011fi esirlerin kafalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmaya haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor ( Louvre )<\/p><\/div>\n

Mezopotamya tarihi \u00e7ok kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Orada kaynaklar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli, me\u00e7hul bir\u00e7ok milletler ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Karanl\u0131k bir\u00e7ok y\u00fczy\u0131llar bu milletlerin geli\u015fmesini par\u00e7alamaktad\u0131r. Kimi vakit co\u011fraf\u00ee merkezler bile tesbit edilemiyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk \u00f6nce kuvvet ve zenginli\u011fin, Do\u011fu\u2019dan gelmi\u015f bir \u0131rk olan S\u00fcmer\u2019lerin hakim oldu\u011fu G\u00fcney Mezopotamya\u2019ya Laga\u015f\u2019a ve Ur \u015fehirlerine yerle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ondan sonra s\u0131rasiyle iktidar Sami \u0131rktan olan Akatlara, tekrar S\u00fcmer\u2019lere, B\u00e2billilere, ge\u00e7ici olarak Hitit\u2019lere, sonra Asur\u2019lara ve en son Med\u2019lere ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tarih derslerinde bu konuda<\/span> bilgi verildi\u011finden konuyu siyas\u00ee olaylar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan derinlestirmiyor sanat alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fcyoruz<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 tarihi<\/h4>\n

As\u0131rlar\u0131n kahrile Mezopotamya \u015fehirlerinde b\u00fct\u00fcn an\u0131tlar y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de giri\u015filen kaz\u0131lar bize Mezopotamya mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve pl\u00e2sti\u011fi hakk\u0131nda genel bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f verecek yeter bilgiyi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131nkinden ayr\u0131 idi. Yap\u0131 sistemi iklimin icab\u0131 bir tu\u011fla mimar\u00eesi idi. Bu volkanik arazide ta\u015f yoktu. Ta\u015f\u0131 Kuzeyin da\u011flar\u0131ndan getirmek l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bal\u00e7\u0131k yoksullu\u011fu \u00f6nl\u00fcyordu. Yaz\u0131n 40-50 derece s\u0131cakl\u0131k, yo\u011furulmu\u015f \u00e7amuru kurutmaya yetiyordu. Hatt\u00e2 senenin bir ay\u0131 \u00abTu\u011fla ay\u0131\u00bb tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kesilmi\u015f olan tu\u011flalar kurutuluyor, ziftle, bitum ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak b\u00fcy\u00fck binalar meydana getiriliyordu.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pencereler dar mazgal delikleri idi. Esasen a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar mimar\u00eenin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015feye yaram\u0131yordu. Halbuki burada yap\u0131dan istenilen en \u00f6nemli vazife; i\u00e7in\u00a0 <\/span>de oturanlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa ve s\u0131ca\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 korumakt\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ise bu vazifeye engel olmakta idi. \u00c7at\u0131 orada \u015fimdi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi idi. Bazan tahta da l\u00e2z\u0131m oluyordu. L\u00e2kin I\u0307rak\u2019ta tahta hemen hemen yok gibi idi. Bu y\u00fczden saraylar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in I\u0307ran h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 son zamanlarda L\u00fcbnan ormanlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fletmeye l\u00fczum g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e7ak kabartmalardan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re S\u00fcmer\u2019lerle, Asurlular kubbeyi kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu kubbe; \u00e7aplar\u0131 gittik\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmek \u015far- tiyle birbiri \u00fczerine yuvarlak s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f tu\u011flalarla kolayca yap\u0131lmakta idi.<\/p>\n

I\u0307\u015fte bu kolayl\u0131klar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden pi\u015fmi\u015f bal\u00e7\u0131ktan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan mimar\u00ee pek \u00e7abuk geli\u015ferek s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitmi\u015ftir. Romal\u0131\u2019lar, daha sonralar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanlar ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, kiliselerinde, camilerinde, Asya kubbesini benimsemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer Sanat\u0131 \u00d6zellikleri<\/h3>\n

S\u00fcmer Mabedi Ziggurat<\/h4>\n

\"s\u00fcmer<\/a><\/p>\n

Eski yaz\u0131lar ve baz\u0131 harabeler orijinal din\u00ee bir mi- DI\u0307: ZI\u0307GGURAT. mar\u00eeyi, Herodot\u2019un anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 me\u015fhur Ziggurat\u2019\u0131 tasarlamam\u0131za imk\u00e2n verir. Bu m\u00e2bed; dikd\u00f6rtgen \u015feklinde, tepesine meyilli bir yoldan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lan sekiz katl\u0131 bir piramid idi. I\u0307\u00e7inde odalar vard\u0131, ihtimal ki en \u00fcst kata Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n mihrab\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi. Ve ihtimal ki sihirbazlar bu y\u00fckseklikten y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 daha iyi inceliyorlard\u0131. Eskilere g\u00f6re Ziggurat\u2019lar M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck piramitken kadar y\u00fcksekti. Ninuva yak\u0131n\u0131nda bu cinsten bir kulenin \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 ke\u015ffolunmu\u015ftur. Fakat bu katlar\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc olarak al\u0131n\u0131rsa m\u00e2bed 40 metre den fazla y\u00fckselemez.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer Heykel Sanat\u0131<\/h4>\n

Tello ile Sus\u2019daki kaz\u0131larda bulunan bir\u00e7ok yontulmu\u015f ta\u015flar ve al\u00e7ak kabartmalar ( mesel\u00e2 Louvre\u2019daki \u00abAkbabalar Stel\u2019i \u00bb) \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Zira Mil\u00e2ddan \u00fc\u00e7 bin sene \u00f6nceye ait bir \u00e2lemin hayalini g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde canland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar realist olmakla beraber kimi vakit icra bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tamamiyle saft\u0131rlar. Bu fig\u00fcrlerde realite M\u0131s\u0131rda oldu\u011fu gibi usl\u00fbbun inceli\u011fine veya as\u00e2letine ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer heykel sanat\u0131 ve tarihi olaylar<\/h5>\n

Tarih\u00ee olaylar bu eserlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir canl\u0131l\u0131k ile anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Askerlerin akbabalar taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7aland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Sus\u2019da bulunan Louvre m\u00fczesindeki ba\u015fka birstel K\u0131ral Naram – Sin\u2019in da\u011flarda d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 kovalamas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Art\u0131k bu sefer heykeltra\u015f\u0131n sanat\u0131 tecr\u00fcbesiz de\u011fildir. M\u00fcsbet ilim kadar ger\u00e7e\u011fi ifade edebilmektedir. Bu manzara bir insan av\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. K\u0131ral boynuzlu bir ba\u015fl\u0131k giymi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn ha\u015fmetiyle, yenilmez ad\u0131mlarla ilerliyor. Erler burunlar\u0131 havada nerede ise u\u00e7up ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olan avlar\u0131n\u0131n kokusundan izlerini bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\"s\u00fcmer<\/a><\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer heykelci\u011fi (SOLDA) M.\u00d6 XXX As\u0131r ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131.S\u00fcmer heykelleri hat\u0131ra i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmazd\u0131.Tap\u0131naklarda heykel sahibinin yerine dua etmek ile g\u00f6revli idi.Fig\u00fcr ayakta ibadet duru\u015fundad\u0131r.Elleri g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcste kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.Elbise kuma\u015ftan basit bir etektir.S\u00fcmerlerin boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc k\u0131sad\u0131r. (Louvre)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u00fcmer Sanat\u0131 Eserleri<\/h3>\n

Kral Gudea’n\u0131n Heykeli<\/h4>\n

\"s\u00fcmer<\/a><\/p>\n

Asyal\u0131lar ba\u015fka milletlere bak\u0131l\u0131rsa daha az heykel b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131ndan bulunan eserlerin k\u0131ymeti daha fazlad\u0131r. Bunlarda da t\u0131pk\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi sanat\u00e7\u0131lar hayat\u0131 ifadeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ilk \u00f6nce geometrik nizamlara, maddenin sertli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Hayvan adalelerini o kadar ustal\u0131kla ve ince bir tarzda ifadelendiren bu heykelciler, insan g\u00f6vdesini sert bir k\u0131l\u0131f i\u00e7ine sokmu\u015flard\u0131r. Canl\u0131 \u015fekil yaln\u0131z g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn, kollar\u0131n tam yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Ellerin, ayaklar\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131, derinin buru\u015fukluklar\u0131n\u0131 bile belirtmek i\u00e7in sert ta\u015flar\u0131 yontmaktan \u00e7ekinmezler. Tra\u015f olmu\u015f, k\u0131sa y\u00fczl\u00fc ba\u015flar ise y\u00fcnden \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f san\u0131lan k\u00fclahlarla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. V\u00fccudun iri kemikli \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 bu portrelere kudretli bir eda verir. Oturmu\u015f Gudea heykeli kocaman kafas\u0131n\u0131 omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde dimdik tutar. Bu \u00e7ehredeki g\u00f6zler sanki zaman\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 <\/span>seyretmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi verece\u011fiz.S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ve S\u00fcmer sanat eserleri konusuna de\u011finece\u011fiz. Do\u011funun tarihi \u00fczerine g\u00f6lge salm\u0131\u015f bulunan B\u00e2bil, bizim i\u00e7in bug\u00fcn harap bir k\u0131y\u0131da toprak y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ibarettir. S\u00fcmer mim\u00e2risi yok olmu\u015ftur. Bal\u00e7\u0131ktan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan o saraylar, o m\u00e2bedler eriyip tekrar \u00e7amura d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. O harikul\u00e2de diye an\u0131lan yap\u0131lardan y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131dan ba\u015fka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7329,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sanat-tarihi"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ve s\u00fcmer sanat eserleri - Arthipo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u00fcmer sanat\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri. S\u00fcmer sanat eserleri. S\u00fcmerlerde sanat. S\u00fcmer heykel sanat\u0131. Ziggurat mabedi. 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