{"id":5166,"date":"2016-10-15T19:47:32","date_gmt":"2016-10-15T16:47:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/?p=5166"},"modified":"2017-06-07T03:00:49","modified_gmt":"2017-06-07T00:00:49","slug":"edouard-manet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/unlu-ressamlarin-hayat-hikayeleri\/edouard-manet.html","title":{"rendered":"Edouard Manet"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edouard Manet Kimdir?<\/h2>\n

Edouard Manet<\/strong>, en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Antonin Proust\u2019un ressamla ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Proust\u2019un bu kitab\u0131nda Manet\u2019nin \u015fu s\u00f6zleri yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cNeden buraday\u0131m bilmiyorum. G\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki her \u015fey g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7. I\u015f\u0131k sahte, g\u00f6lgeler sahte. At\u00f6lyeye geldi\u011fim zaman mezara giriyormu\u015fum gibi geliyor. Bir modelin sokakta soyulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorum. Ama tarlalar var. S\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u0131plak mademki sanat\u0131n ilk ve sonuncu kelimesidir hi\u00e7 olmazsa yaz\u0131n k\u0131rlarda \u00e7\u0131plak et\u00fcdleri yap\u0131labilir.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Manet\u2019nin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi at\u00f6lye Thomas Co\u0131\u0131ture\u2019iin at\u00f6lyesiydi. Bu akademik ressam\u0131n at\u00f6lyesine 1850 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan Manet alt\u0131 y\u0131la yak\u0131n bir zaman orada \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 at\u00f6lyede tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Suzan- ne Leenhoff ad\u0131nda bir gen\u00e7 k\u0131zdan bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu. \u00c7ocu\u011fu Manet\u2019nin ailesine Suzanne\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi diye tan\u0131tt\u0131lar. Babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Manet bu kad\u0131nla 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda evlendi.
\nCouture’\u00fcn e\u011fitim ve sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ok \u00f6fkelenen Manet sonunda at\u00f6lyeden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Ressam hen\u00fcz \u0130spanyaya gitmemi\u015fti. Ama Manet\u2019nin ilk tablolar\u0131nda \u0130spanyol ressamlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130talyan ressamlar da Manet\u2019yi etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Manet’in Le D\u00e9jeuner sur l’herbe (Otlar \u00dczerinde Kahvalt\u0131) Ya\u011fl\u0131 Boya Tablosu<\/h3>\n

Manet<\/strong> 1863 y\u0131l\u0131nda Salon\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lacak sergi i\u00e7in \u201cbir tablo haz\u0131rl\u0131yordu: Le D\u00e9jeuner sur l’herbe (Otlar \u00dczerinde Kahvalt\u0131). B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini, b\u00fct\u00fcn sanat yetene\u011fini bu tabloya yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Bu tablonun ilgi toplayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umut ediyordu. Ama J\u00fcri \u00fcyeleri tabloyu sergiye kabul etmediler.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Edouard Manet kimdir? Otlar Aras\u0131nda Kahvalt\u0131 Tablosu<\/p><\/div>\n

Bu olay gen\u00e7 ressamlar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tart\u0131\u015fma\u00a0yaratt\u0131. Haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in III nc\u00fc Napol\u00e9on\u2019a ba\u015fvurdular. \u0130mparator Salonun\u2019daki resmisergiden sonra bir de “Salon des Refus\u00e9s\u201d nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verdi. Bu sergi \u201cSalona kabul edilmeyenlerin sergisi\u201d olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Edouard Manet Hayat\u0131 ve Sanat D\u00fcnyas\u0131, Ac\u0131mas\u0131z Ele\u015ftiriler<\/h3>\n

Fantin-Latour, C\u00e9zanne, Guillaumin, Jongkind, Pissar, Whistler de tablolar\u0131n\u0131 bu salonda sergilemi\u015flerdi. Sergiyi gezenler bu tablolar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6fkelerini gizlemiyorlard\u0131- Kat\u0131la kat\u0131la g\u00fclenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek kadard\u0131. Ama hi\u00e7 biri “Otlar \u00dczerinde Kahvalt\u0131\u201d <\/i>kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck pat\u0131rt\u0131 yaratmad\u0131. Bu sergiyi de gezen imparator tablonun \u00f6n\u00fcnde durmad\u0131 bile. \u0130mparatori\u00e7e ise utanc\u0131ndan ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hafif\u00e7e ba\u015fka yana \u00e7evirdi.
\n\u00d6fkesini gizleyemeyen Manet<\/strong> bu duygusunu k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle belirtti…<\/p>\n

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Edourad Manet Hayat\u0131 ve Sanat D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201c\u2014 Ahmaklar! Beni baya\u011f\u0131l\u0131kla su\u00e7luyorlar. Ola\u011fan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u015fey yapt\u0131m diye su\u00e7luyorlar. Oysa tablomun Giorgione’nin K\u0131r Konseri\u2019nden ve Raphael\u2019in P\u00e2ris\u2019in Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131ndan <\/i>esinlenerek yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmediler….\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0130ki y\u0131l sonra ve bu defa resmi Salon\u2019da yeni bir rezalet daha kopuyordu. Ve bu rezaleti yaratan gene Edouard Manet idi. Bu sefer kimse ba\u011f\u0131rm\u0131yordu. Kimse \u00f6fkelenmiyordu. Kimse ileri geri s\u00f6zler etmiyordu. Ama herkes kahkahalarla g\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Sanki sergiyi gezenler sanat yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye de\u011fil de doyas\u0131ya e\u011flenmeye gelmi\u015flerdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Edouard Manet Olympia ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi tablosunu sergilemi\u015fti burada.
\nTabloya Victorine Meurend<\/strong> modellik etmi\u015fti. Victorine \u00e7\u0131plakt\u0131. Ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n dibinde bir kedi vard\u0131. Yan\u0131nda elinde bir buket \u00e7i\u00e7ek tutan bir zenci kad\u0131n duruyordu. Renklerde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir parlakl\u0131k yoktu ama desen \u00e7ok sa\u011flamd\u0131. A\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bekliyormu\u015f gibi bir “rehavet\u201d i\u00e7inde yatan bu gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n v\u00fccudundan dayan\u0131lmaz bir \u00e7ekicilik da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

O \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n en anlay\u0131\u015fs\u0131z sanat ele\u015ftirmenlerinden, \u00fcstelik en k\u00f6t\u00fc romanc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Jules Claretie L\u2019Artiste dergisinde bu tablo \u00fczerine \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yordu k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra<\/p>\n

“Olympia’y\u0131 temsil etmeye yeltenen ve ressam\u0131n kim bilir nereden buldu\u011fu bu i\u011fren\u00e7 model, bu sar\u0131 kar\u0131nl\u0131 odal\u0131k da nedir?\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ama ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede olan yaln\u0131z Claretie de\u011fildi. Daha bir \u00e7ok ele\u015ftirmeci Manet’yi yayl\u0131m ate\u015fine alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.
\nEle\u015ftirmecilerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi tepkiler, yazd\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131lar Manet\u2019nin \u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131na, hatta sa\u011flamla\u015fmas\u0131na yaram\u0131\u015ft\u0131 sadece. Ama ters y\u00f6nden i\u015fleyen bir \u00fcnd\u00fc bu. Manet<\/strong> de\u011ferini kabul ettirmek istiyordu. Daha da ileri bir iste\u011fi vard\u0131: \u00d6nc\u00fc bir ressam gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek istemeyen, herhangi bir okulun, bir ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u015fefli\u011fine de hi\u00e7 bir e\u011filim g\u00f6stermeyen bu sanat\u00e7\u0131 yetkililer taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmak istiyor, kendisine L\u00e9gion d’honneur ni\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n verilmesini istiyordu.<\/p>\n

Manet De\u011fi\u015fimci ve Yenilik\u00e7i Ki\u015fili\u011fi \u0130ki \u00d6nemli D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00e7e Kabul G\u00f6r\u00fcyor<\/h3>\n

Ama Manet\u2019yi anlamayan ya da anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan bir \u00e7ok ele\u015ftirmecinin yan\u0131nda iki ki\u015fi vard\u0131 ki bunlar o \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n sanat ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131na imzalar\u0131m koyarak ilerici \u00e7abalara \u00f6nderlik edeceklerdir: Bunlardan biri Charles Baudelaire, \u00f6teki de Emil\u00e9 Zola idi. Zola sanat yorumlar\u0131nda bir estet gibi davranan bir yazar de\u011fildi. \u00dcstelik \u00e7ok ki\u015fisel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri vard\u0131. Edebiyatta benimsedi\u011fi y\u00f6ntemi resme de uygulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Sanatla ilgili inceleme ve ele\u015ftirmelerinin bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011feri yoktur.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel bir a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131nca bunun de\u011ferini anl\u0131yoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Zola \u0130lerici gen\u00e7 ressamlar\u0131 bilin\u00e7le, co\u015fkuyla savunmu\u015ftu. Manet’ye yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ba\u015f yerlerden birisini vermesi bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterir.
\nBaudelaire ise hem b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sanat\u00e7\u0131 hem de sanat sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re bamba\u015fka bir a\u00e7\u0131dan ele alarak inceleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yorumcuydu. Hem \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki sanat hareketlerini iyi anlam\u0131\u015f hem de romantizm ve klasisizm ak\u0131mlar\u0131yla gelecekteki sanat ak\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u00f6pr\u00fcy\u00fc kurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Edouard Manet Resimleri, Eserleri, Ya\u011fl\u0131boya Tablolar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Ho\u015fnutsuzluk S\u00fcr\u00fcyor<\/h3>\n

Ve Manet’nin tablolar\u0131n\u0131 izleyenler \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6sterilerle bunlardan bi\u00e7 ho\u015flanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyorlard\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn sergi salonunda yuhalar y\u00fckselmi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fte o g\u00fcn Manet ilk defa olarak sapsar\u0131 kesildi. Sergiden hemen ayr\u0131larak Guyot soka\u011f\u0131ndaki at\u00f6lyesine gitti. Metresi Victorine ressam\u0131 orada bekliyordu. Br\u00fcksel\u2019den gelen bir mektubu uzatt\u0131 Manet\u2019ye. Mektupta \u015funlar yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131:<\/p>\n

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Edouard Manet Resimleri, Eserleri, Tablolar\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

“Gene sizden s\u00f6z etmem gerekiyor. Gene sizin de\u011ferinizi tan\u0131tlamam gerekecek. Muhakkak elde etmeyi istedi\u011finiz \u015fey ger\u00e7ekten budalaca. \u201cAlay ediliyor sizinle, alaylar sizi rahats\u0131z ediyor, de\u011ferinizi anlam\u0131yorlar…\u201d <\/i>Bu durumda olan yaln\u0131z siz misi- \/\u0131iz san\u0131yorsunuz.? Chateaubriand\u2019dan ya da Wagner den daha m\u0131\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck dehan\u0131z? Ama gene de onlarla \u00e7ok alay edildi. Peki ne oldu? Hi\u00e7…\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131n alt\u0131nda Baudelaire imzas\u0131 vard\u0131.
\nManet mektubu okuyunca Victorine\u2019e :<\/p>\n

“\u2014 Art\u0131k dayanam\u0131yorum, \u0130spanyaya bir gezi yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u201d dedi. \u201cBeni \u0130spanyol ressamlar\u0131ndan benzetmeler yapmakla su\u00e7luyorlar. \u0130spanyaya gidip bu ustalar\u0131 daha iyi tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu arada tutkular da dinmi\u015f olur…\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Manet Madrid\u2019e gitti. Goya\u2019y\u0131, Zurbaran\u2019\u0131, Velasquez\u2019i yak\u0131ndan inceledi. Daha sonra ba\u015fka geziler de yapt\u0131. Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e etkisi de, \u00fcn\u00fc de, hayranlar\u0131 da art\u0131yordu. Ama Manet mutlu de\u011fildi. Yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 halk\u0131n da be\u011fenmesini, sevmesini istiyordu. 1881 y\u0131l\u0131 bu bak\u0131mdan Manet i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir y\u0131ld\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Antonin Proust G\u00fczel Sanatlar M\u00fcste\u015far\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Manet\u2019nin tablolar\u0131 art\u0131k j\u00fcri \u00fcyelerinin denetlemesinden ge\u00e7miyordu. Ve ressam o y\u0131l gene Proust\u2019un desteklemesiyle L\u00e9gion d\u2019honneur ni\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 da ald\u0131. Ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fc- y\u00fck mutlulu\u011funa eri\u015fmi\u015fti en sonunda.
\nManet\u2019yi inceleyen bir \u00e7ok ele\u015ftirmeci bu ressam\u0131n her \u015fey* den \u00f6nce bir \u201csiyah-beyaz\u201d ustas\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtirler. Bu tan\u0131tlaman\u0131n ger\u00e7ek bir y\u00f6n\u00fc vard\u0131r. Manet de t\u0131pk\u0131 Degas gibi at\u00f6lyesinden ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 sevmeyen bir adamd\u0131. Son y\u0131llar\u0131na do\u011fru yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tablolar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda resimlerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir renk zenginli\u011fi ve canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. \u0130talyan ve \u00f6zellikle \u0130spanyol ustalar\u0131n\u0131n etkisinde kalan Manet do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ya\u015famdan esinlendi\u011fi sa\u011flam bir ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fi yans\u0131tmak istiyordu yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Ama bu ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik \u201cakademist\u201d diye tan\u0131nan ressamlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011finin tam kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndayd\u0131. Son y\u0131llar\u0131na do\u011fru Monet\u2019nin \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerini dinleyen Manet \u00f6teki \u201cpleinairiste a\u00e7\u0131khavac\u0131\u201d ressamlar gibi f\u0131r\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131, paletini alarak k\u0131rlara uzand\u0131. Paletindeki renkler daha bir canl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131. Ve ressam \u201cimpressionniste\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan sanat\u00e7\u0131lara biraz daha yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu…<\/p>\n

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Edouard Manet S\u00f6zleri<\/p><\/div>\n

Edouard Manet S\u00f6zleri<\/h3>\n

\u201c\u0130nsan\u0131n s\u00f6yleyecek bir \u015feyi olmal\u0131. Yoksa olmaz. Her \u015feyden \u00e7ok resmi sevmeyince insan ressam olamaz. Hem sonra mesle\u011fin inceliklerini bilmek de ye-‘ terli de\u011fildir. Duygu ve co\u015fku da gerek. Bilim \u00e7ok iyi ama bizim i\u00e7in imgelem daha da gereklidir… Bir g\u00fcn\u00a0Versailles\u2019dan d\u00f6nerken lokomotifte makinistle ocak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na bindim. \u0130kisi de g\u00f6r\u00fclecek \u015feydi: So\u011fuk kanl\u0131klar\u0131, dayan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcyd\u00fc! Pis bir meslek bu! Bu adamlar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131 vallahi’ \u0130yile\u015fti\u011fim zaman onlar\u0131n bir tablosunu yapaca\u011f\u0131m…” <\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

“Bir \u015feye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m zaman modelden yoksun kalaca\u011f\u0131m diye, gerekti\u011fi kadar ve g\u00f6rmek istedi\u011fim ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde modeli yeniden g\u00f6remeyece\u011fim diye titrerim. Model gelir, poz verir, sonra da: \u201cKendi kendine bitirsin\u2019\u2019 diyerek i\u00e7inden \u00e7ekip gider. Ama \u00f6yle de\u011fil i\u015fte! hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey tek ba\u015f\u0131na bitmiyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zaten ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00fcn bitiremiyor insan. Yeniden ve s\u0131k s\u0131k ba\u015flamak gerekiyor. O zaman da bir g\u00fcn yetmiyor, g\u00fcnler gerekiyor…<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edouard Manet Kimdir? Edouard Manet, en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Antonin Proust\u2019un ressamla ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Proust\u2019un bu kitab\u0131nda Manet\u2019nin \u015fu s\u00f6zleri yer almaktad\u0131r: \u201cNeden buraday\u0131m bilmiyorum. G\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki her \u015fey g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7. I\u015f\u0131k sahte, g\u00f6lgeler sahte. At\u00f6lyeye geldi\u011fim zaman mezara giriyormu\u015fum gibi geliyor. Bir modelin sokakta soyulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorum. Ama tarlalar var. S\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u0131plak mademki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5293,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[250],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unlu-ressamlarin-hayat-hikayeleri"],"yoast_head":"\nEdouard Manet - Arthipo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Edouard Manet'in en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Antonin Proust\u2019un ressamla ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 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