{"id":4987,"date":"2016-10-14T00:44:06","date_gmt":"2016-10-13T21:44:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/?p=4987"},"modified":"2017-06-07T02:29:32","modified_gmt":"2017-06-06T23:29:32","slug":"modernite-postmodernite-ve-bauman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/sanat-felsefesi\/modernite-postmodernite-ve-bauman.html","title":{"rendered":"Modernite, Postmodernite ve Bauman"},"content":{"rendered":"

Modernite, Postmodernite ve Bauman<\/h2>\n

D\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlaman\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yolu vard\u0131r. Bauman<\/strong>… Anlam\u0131n, anlaman\u0131n her yolu h\u00fcmaniter bir bak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bizatihi insan\u0131n anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, anlam y\u00fckledi\u011fi ya da her ikisini bir arada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in y\u00f6neldi\u011fi bu d\u00fcnya, kendi etraf\u0131nda ve ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nen, k\u00fcre \u015feklindeki somut gezegen de\u011fildir (tabii ki insanlar\u0131n hep birlikte yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekolojik krizlerden dolay\u0131 inleyen bu somut d\u00fcnyaya\/do\u011faya kulak kabartmak gerekir). Burada anlamsal olarak ele al\u0131nan ve insan\u0131n somut d\u00fcnya i\u00e7inde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kendine ait d\u00fcnyad\u0131r. Anlam; felsefi, politik, bilimsel, dinsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sanatsal, yerel, evrensel yollar gibi bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6ntem ile yakalanabilir. Modernite<\/strong>, Postmodernite<\/strong> ve Bauman…<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan hi\u00e7bir y\u00f6nteme ba\u015fvurmadan, insan tek ve bir ba\u015f\u0131nal\u0131kta sessizlikte kal\u0131p ve yaln\u0131zca kendi i\u00e7inden gelen sesi kal\u0131pla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi dinleyip yine sadece kendi i\u00e7ine d\u00f6nen bir ses\/d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen monadik bir anlam da olu\u015fturabilir: \u201c\u00d6z diyalog.” Neticede tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir y\u00f6ntemden ya da bu y\u00f6ntemlerden birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 kesi\u015ftiren bir kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131n perspektifinden bak\u0131lsa bile anlam(\u0131n) belirsiz ve hep biraz eksik olaca\u011f\u0131 da bilinmelidir. Hele bir de i\u00e7inde ya\u015fanan ve devam edegelen bir zaman\u0131n ruhunu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, anlam sorununun en \u00e7etrefilli y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Modernite’den Postmodernite’ye Hal De\u011fi\u015fimleri<\/h3>\n

Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6ncelikle Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dairesinden ba\u015flayan ve daha sonra t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya meskenlerine sirayet eden moderniteden postmoderniteye hal de\u011fi\u015fimleri, hem g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fant\u0131da hem de entelekt\u00fcel camiada tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir sorunsald\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan modernite<\/strong> sorunsal\u0131 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la dayan\u0131rken, postmodernite<\/strong> bu sorunsala son elli y\u0131ll\u0131k zaman diliminde dahil olmu\u015ftur. Keza ayn\u0131 ba\u011flamda bir\u00e7ok kavram da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Modernite ile beraber, felsefi a\u00e7\u0131dan Ayd\u0131nlanma (ak\u0131l ve bilim); siyasal a\u00e7\u0131dan ulus devlet (kimlik, milliyet\u00e7ilik, liberalizm, sosyalizm); ekonomide sanayile\u015fme, \u00fcretim, kapitalizm, emek, s\u0131n\u0131f vb. gibi:<\/p>\n

\"Zygmunt<\/a>

Zygmunt Bauman Postmodernite Modernite<\/p><\/div>\n

Ya\u015fam mek\u00e2n\u0131 olarak kent; sosyal bilim ba\u011flam\u0131nda sosyoloji, psikoloji; bilgi, medya ileti\u015fim unsurlar\u0131 (gazete, kitap, telgraf, yaz\u0131, k\u00fct\u00fcphane); ula\u015f\u0131mda demir yolu; mimari a\u00e7\u0131dan yatayl\u0131k, i\u015flevsellik vb. gibi pek \u00e7ok alan ve kavram da tart\u0131\u015fmaya dahil edilebilir. Gelgelelim postmodernite ile birlikte bu kavramlara k\u00fcreselle\u015fme, t\u00fcketim, e\u011flence, g\u00f6rsellik (sinema, televizyon, video), internet, cep telefonu, h\u0131z vb. gibi ya\u015fam alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren pek \u00e7ok \u015fey eklenmi\u015f olup tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc moderniteden postmoderniteye \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n zorunlu amac\u0131 moderniteden post moderniteye ge\u00e7i\u015fi\/d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ekseriyetle yukar\u0131da verilen kavramlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla betimlemek ve tart\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak y\u00fcklenmi\u015f temel amac\u0131 ise \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f sosyolog\/d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Zygmunt Bauman\u2019\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda modernite ile postmodernite aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 ve kopu\u015flar\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirerek de\u011fi\u015fen insan ve toplum ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 anlamakt\u0131r. Konunun geni\u015fli\u011fi i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar i\u015fi kotarmay\u0131 da zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden an lam sorununda belirtti\u011fimiz belirsizlikler veya yetersizlikler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde bizatihi mevcuttur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ve kapsam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan baz\u0131 sorular belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu sorular\u0131 cevaplamak ad\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n her bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, belirlenen sorular\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Modernite nedir?<\/h3>\n

\u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u2018\u2018Modernite nedir<\/strong>, ne zaman ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ne gibi sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretmi\u015ftir? Modernitenin insana bi\u00e7ti\u011fi rol ve g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi y\u00f6ntem nedir?\u201d sorular\u0131na cevap aranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde modern, modernlik, ayd\u0131nlanma, ak\u0131l, bilim kavramlar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda modern toplum ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere oranla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kapsam\u0131 daha dar tutulmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn sorular\u0131 olan \u201cPostmodernite nedir?<\/strong> Postmodernitenin Moderniteye getirdi\u011fi itirazlar nelerdir? Postmodern zamanda ya\u015fam ne haldedir? Sorular\u0131 do\u011frudan moderniteyi de i\u00e7ine alarak ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc geni\u015fletmektedir. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, postmoderniteyi anlatan kavramlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, postmodern d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerine de yer verilerek tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 iyi bir bi\u00e7imde geni\u015fletmeye ilerletme niyeti ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nihayetinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, modernitenin en debdebeli olan son zamanlar\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k edip ayr\u0131ca postmodern zamanlar\u0131 da bilfiil ya\u015fayan sosyolog\/d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Bauman \u00fczerinde durulmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in \u201cBauman kimdir? Modernite ve postmodernite konusunda ne s\u00f6ylemektedir? Entelekt\u00fcel olarak nerede durmaktad\u0131r?\u201d gibi sorular ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n as\u0131l amac\u0131 olan Bauman’\u0131n modernite ve postmoderniteye dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en kapsaml\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olup Bauman’\u0131n eserlerinde \u00f6zellikle \u00fcst\u00fcnde durdu\u011fu, modernlik, m\u00fcphemlik, g\u00f6zetim, d\u00fczenleme, entelekt\u00fceller, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve yoksulluk, \u00fcretim t\u00fcketim, toplumsal ve bireysel ili\u015fkiler, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme, \u2018ak\u0131\u015fkan\u2019l\u0131k”kat\u0131\u2019l\u0131k, insan tipleri, a\u015fk, ileti\u015fim, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve etik gibi kavramlar \u00fczerinden ilerlemektedir.<\/p>\n

Modernite, Postmodernite ve Bauman<\/h4>\n

Bauman, hem moderniteyi hem de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz postmodern zaman\u0131 anlamak konusunda, g\u00fcndelik deneyimlerden, ya\u015fant\u0131lardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak ince ve naif bir perspektif sunar ki Bauman sosyolojisini \u00f6zel ve \u00f6nemli k\u0131lan\u0131n da bu oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bauman\u2019a g\u00f6re sosyolojinin i\u015flevi sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek veya \u00fcstten bakan, otoriterle\u015fen bir konum elde etmek de\u011fildir. Sosyolojinin yapmas\u0131 gereken; toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fimleri, geli\u015fmeleri yorumlamak ve anlamakt\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda Bauman, sosyolojinin dolays\u0131z olarak anlamak\u2019 gibi bir derdi oldu\u011funu savunur.1 K\u0131saca bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma postmodern d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclen disiplinler aras\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bauman\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri de bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma uygun oldu\u011fundan, burada felsefe ve sosyoloji disiplinlerini bulu\u015fturman\u0131n tezin dolayl\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Felsefe ve sosyal bilimlerde kavramsal tan\u0131mlamalar, ak\u0131mlar, tarihsel zaman ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; kavramlar\u0131n i\u00e7erikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan n\u00fcanslar olu\u015ftu\u011fu ya da olu\u015fabilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bat\u0131 tarihinde son birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 etkileyen bir kavram olan modern ve bundan t\u00fcremi\u015f kavramlar, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlamakta yeni pencereler a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elbette bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te eski (din, kilise, krall\u0131k, aristokrasi, feodalite) ile yeni (bilim, e\u011fitim, halk millet, cumhuriyet ve kapitalizm) kabul edilenler aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Modernite, Postmodernite ve Bauman<\/p>\n

Mehmet E. \u015eim\u015fek<\/p>\n

Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Modernite, Postmodernite ve Bauman D\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlaman\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yolu vard\u0131r. Bauman… Anlam\u0131n, anlaman\u0131n her yolu h\u00fcmaniter bir bak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bizatihi insan\u0131n anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, anlam y\u00fckledi\u011fi ya da her ikisini bir arada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in y\u00f6neldi\u011fi bu d\u00fcnya, kendi etraf\u0131nda ve ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nen, k\u00fcre \u015feklindeki somut gezegen de\u011fildir (tabii ki insanlar\u0131n hep birlikte yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[266],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sanat-felsefesi"],"yoast_head":"\nModernite, Postmodernite ve Bauman - Arthipo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modernite, Postmodernite ve Bauman. 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