{"id":13396,"date":"2021-09-19T19:09:21","date_gmt":"2021-09-19T16:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/?p=13396"},"modified":"2021-09-19T19:09:21","modified_gmt":"2021-09-19T16:09:21","slug":"seramik-nedir-nasil-yapilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/resim-cizim-teknikleri\/seramik-nedir-nasil-yapilir.html","title":{"rendered":"Seramik Nedir Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Seramik nedir, nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r? Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131 seramik malzemeleri nelerdir? Seramik \u015fekillendirme, presleme, kurutma, s\u0131rlama, pi\u015firme i\u015flemlerinin a\u015famalar\u0131 nelerdir? Makalemizde seramik ile ilgili \u00f6nemli konular\u0131 inceledik.<\/p>\n

Seramik Nedir, Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Seramik; birbirine kimyasal olarak iyonik ve\/veya kovalent ba\u011fl\u0131 metalik malzemelerin, metal olmayan elementlerle olu\u015fturdu\u011fu inorganik ve metal d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kat\u0131 malzemelerdir. Seramik, hammadde ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n belirli tane boyutlar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve \u015fekillendirilme i\u015flemi sonras\u0131 kurutularak s\u0131rl\u0131 ve s\u0131rs\u0131z olarak belirlenmi\u015f bir \u0131s\u0131l i\u015fleme tabi tutularak \u0131s\u0131 etkisi ile ve ard\u0131ndan so\u011futularak kullan\u0131ma uygun teknik \u00f6zellikler kazand\u0131r\u0131larak elde edilir. Seramikler mekanik olarak sert ve k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131rlar. Seramikler, geleneksel seramik ve ileri teknolojik seramikler olarak iki grupta s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Seramik Malzemeleri Nelerdir?<\/h3>\n

Geleneksel seramikler: do\u011fal hammaddelerden ve genellikle \u00fc\u00e7 temel bile\u015fenden olu\u015fur; kil, kuvars ve feldispat. Kil, geleneksel seramiklerin vazge\u00e7ilmez en \u00f6nemli hammaddesidir Tabakal\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 ve tabakalar aras\u0131 su ihtiva etti\u011finden dolay\u0131 plastiklik verme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir. Kuvars, \u015fekillendirilemez, ancak \u00fcr\u00fcnlere mukavemet \u00f6zelli\u011fi sa\u011flar. Feldispatlar ise, kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131yla olu\u015fmu\u015f hammaddedir. \u00d6rnek olarak; yap\u0131 seramikleri (tu\u011fla, kiremit), kaplama malzemeleri (yer ve duvar karolar\u0131), sofra e\u015fyas\u0131, porselen refrakterler ve cam say\u0131labilir. Genel olarak seramik \u00fcretimi; hammadde ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, \u015fekillendirme, kurutma, s\u0131rlama, pi\u015firme a\u015famalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Seramik malzeme \u00fcretiminde ana prosesler, toz haz\u0131rl\u0131k, hammadde haz\u0131rl\u0131k, \u015fekillendirme, kurutma, s\u0131rlama ve pi\u015firmedir.<\/p>\n

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Seramik Malzemeleri Nelerdir Hammadde, Zinc Oxide Ceramic Raw Materials<\/p><\/div>\n

Toz haz\u0131rl\u0131k; seramik hammaddeler k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, ufalt\u0131l\u0131r, belirli tane boyutlar\u0131na \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve stok alanlar\u0131na sevk edilerek stoklan\u0131r. Hammadde haz\u0131rl\u0131k (Masse haz\u0131rl\u0131k – Seramik \u00e7amur); belirli tane boyutlar\u0131na ufalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f seramik hammaddeler re\u00e7ete \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re de\u011firmenlerde kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, homojenle\u015ftirilir, belirli tane boyut aral\u0131klar\u0131nda kuru veya ya\u015f \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr, ya\u015f olarak \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesi tamamlanan sulu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m (\u00e7amur) de\u011firmenlerden bo\u015falt\u0131larak havuzlarda dinlendirilir ve \u015fekillendirmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131r hale getirilir.<\/p>\n

Seramik Nas\u0131l \u015eekillendirilir? Seramik Nedir Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

Seramike birden fazla y\u00f6ntem ile \u015fekil verilebilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da seramik bi\u00e7imlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e7\u0131 Kal\u0131p Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h4>\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00e7amuru (Havuzlarda dinlendirilen \u00e7amur), yakla\u015f\u0131k %25-30 su oran\u0131nda al\u00e7\u0131 kal\u0131plara d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7amur i\u00e7indeki su, g\u00f6zenekli al\u00e7\u0131 kal\u0131p taraf\u0131ndan emilir. \u00c7amur belli bir et kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda al\u00e7\u0131 kal\u0131b\u0131n \u015feklini al\u0131r. Kal\u0131pta \u015fekillendirme ve kurutma s\u00fcresi 1 g\u00fcn olabilir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm (pressure casting) y\u00f6ntemi son teknolojik y\u00f6ntemdir. D\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00e7amuru bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok ince deliklerden olu\u015fan re\u00e7ine kal\u0131ba bas\u0131l\u0131r. Deliklerden \u00e7amurun suyu giderilir. Kal\u0131pta 10-15 dakika i\u00e7inde h\u0131zl\u0131 s\u00fcrede et kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

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Seramik Nas\u0131l \u015eekillendirilir? Seramik Nedir Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p><\/div>\n

Ekstr\u00fczyon<\/h4>\n

Ekstr\u00fczyon (plastik \u015fekillendirme) y\u00f6ntemi ile \u015fekillendirme i\u00e7in \u00e7amurun nem oran\u0131 (%16-18) filter preslerden ge\u00e7irilerek ayarlan\u0131r. Seramik hamur vakumla havas\u0131 al\u0131narak ekstr\u00fczyona tabi tutulur. Ekstr\u00fczyon cihaz\u0131n ucuna tak\u0131lan kal\u0131p a\u011fz\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirme sa\u011flan\u0131r. Delikli veya deliksiz t\u00fcp \u00e7ubuk, tu\u011fla gibi sabit kesite sahip malzemelerin \u00fcretimi yap\u0131l\u0131r. – Pres y\u00f6ntemi ile \u015fekillendirme i\u00e7in \u00e7amur p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeli kurutuculardan ge\u00e7irilerek gran\u00fcl haline getirilir. Gran\u00fcller pres \u00fcst\u00fc silolarda homojen nem oran\u0131n\u0131n (%5-7) sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bekletilir. Haz\u0131rlanan gran\u00fcl toz pres kal\u0131plar\u0131nda belirli bas\u0131n\u00e7larda bas\u0131larak \u015fekillendirilir.<\/p>\n

Enjeksiyonla Kal\u0131pta Seramik \u015eekillendirme, Seramik Nedir, Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h4>\n

Enjeksiyonla kal\u0131pta \u015fekillendirme; karma\u015f\u0131k \u015fekilli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in enjeksiyon kal\u0131plama y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Su kullan\u0131lmaz. Seramik kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m tozu hacimce %45-55 oran\u0131nda polimerler i\u00e7inde vakum alt\u0131nda ergitilerek kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve polimer \u00e7amur haline getirilir. Bu \u00e7amur \u015fekillendirilecek kal\u0131p i\u00e7ine bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda enjekte edilir. \u00c7amur donarak kal\u0131b\u0131n \u015feklini al\u0131r. Is\u0131l i\u015flem esnas\u0131nda polimerlerin uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 ile geriye seramik \u00fcr\u00fcn kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Seramik Presleme, Kuru Presleme, S\u0131cak Presleme, So\u011fuk \u0130zostatik Presleme, Seramik Nedir Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h3>\n

S\u0131v\u0131 veya \u00e7amur k\u0131vam\u0131ndaki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n bir kal\u0131p kullan\u0131larak d\u00f6k\u00fcm ile \u015fekillendirilmesidir. Plastik \u015fekillendirme: Bas\u0131n\u00e7 (Ekstr\u00fczyon) kullanarak yar\u0131 ya\u015f seramik \u015fekillendirmesi i\u015flemleridir. Toz s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma: Bu y\u00f6ntem; kal\u0131p bo\u015flu\u011funa doldurulmu\u015f tozlara (gran\u00fcllere) tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc veya \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulayarak \u015fekillendirme esas\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.
\nPi\u015firme i\u015flemi s\u00fcrekli veya kesikli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan f\u0131r\u0131nlarda yap\u0131labilmektedir. F\u0131r\u0131nlar doldurulduktan sonra f\u0131r\u0131n kapat\u0131larak pi\u015firme i\u015flemi ba\u015flat\u0131lmakta, pi\u015fme i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda f\u0131r\u0131n so\u011futulmakta ve \u00fcr\u00fcnler bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra tekrar yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnler y\u00fcklenmektedir. T\u00fcnel f\u0131r\u0131nlar olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan s\u00fcrekli f\u0131r\u0131nlarda ise bir yandan \u00fcr\u00fcn girerken di\u011fer yandan pi\u015fmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Pi\u015firme i\u015flemi 20-50 saat s\u00fcrebilmektedir. Alttan veya yandan \u0131s\u0131tmal\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektedirler. Porselen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretiminde \u015fekillendirmeden gelen \u00fcr\u00fcnler 1240 oC s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 15-17 saat aras\u0131nda pi\u015firme i\u015flemine tabi tutulur.
\nBurada desenler ilgili \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fczerine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve s\u0131r \u00fcst\u00fc ise 870 \u1d52C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 2 saat, s\u0131r i\u00e7i ise 1210 \u1d52C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 2 saat pi\u015firilir. Desen kalite ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00fcr\u00fcnler paketleme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilir, depolan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Seramik Kurutma<\/h3>\n

Kurutma i\u015flemi \u00e7amur i\u00e7indeki fiziksel suyun 100 \u00b0C civar\u0131nda uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir. \u00dcretimin en \u00f6nemli a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7atlak ve deformasyon ya\u015fanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Pi\u015firme \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan kurutma, malzemeye gerekli mukavemeti kazand\u0131rarak ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemlerinde malzemenin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131-\u00e7atlamas\u0131n\u0131, pi\u015firme s\u0131ras\u0131nda su buhar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunu ve f\u0131r\u0131n i\u00e7inde malzemenin patlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nS\u0131rlama; seramik \u00fcr\u00fcne estetik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve hijyen kazand\u0131rma amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Seramik S\u0131rlama, Boyama<\/h3>\n

Seramik s\u0131rlama nesneye g\u00fczel g\u00f6rsel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kazand\u0131r\u0131r ve su ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fini azalt\u0131r. S\u0131r asl\u0131nda bir t\u00fcr boyal\u0131<\/a> cam kumudur. S\u0131rlanan seramik \u00fcr\u00fcnler daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Mutfakta kullan\u0131lan seramik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin hepsi asl\u0131nda s\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131r s\u00fcr\u00fcmeden \u00f6nce seramik nesnenin y\u00fczeyi temizlemelisiniz. P\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz seramik y\u00fczeyler s\u0131rlamada daha iyi sonu\u00e7 verir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00fczeyde bulunan toz, s\u0131r\u0131n nesneyi kaplamas\u0131na engel olur, pi\u015firdildikten kusur daha belirgin hale gelir. Seramik y\u00fczeyde, s\u0131rlama i\u015fleminden sonra \u00e7atlak, \u00e7izik, kabarc\u0131k kalabilir. Bu kusurlar\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in s\u0131r\u0131 farkl\u0131 s\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemleri deneyebilirsiniz. S\u0131rr\u0131 s\u00fcnger ile s\u00fcrme, kompres\u00f6y kullanma, dald\u0131rma gibi seramik s\u0131rlama i\u015flemleri kullanabilirsiniz. S\u0131rlama i\u015fleminden sonra seramik nesne pi\u015firilir. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u0131r erir ve seramik y\u00fczeye renkli cams\u0131 bir katman eklenir.<\/p>\n

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Seramik S\u0131rlama, Boyama, Ceramic Glazing Seramik Nedir, Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p><\/div>\n

Seramik Pi\u015firme<\/h3>\n

Seramik pi\u015firme; \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f ve kurutulmu\u015f seramik malzemede birbiri ile temas halinde olan tanelerin y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u0131s\u0131l i\u015fleme tabi tutularak g\u00f6zeneklerin azalmas\u0131, yo\u011funlu\u011fun artmas\u0131 ve malzemeye mukavemet kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir. Pi\u015firme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemenin ergime derecesinin alt\u0131nda tutulur, kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 ve re\u00e7eteye g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir.
\nSeramik s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na, \u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fken hammadde kullan\u0131m\u0131, katk\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar\u0131, proseslerde olu\u015fan \u00e7e\u015fitlilikler, f\u0131r\u0131n kesitlerindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k farklar\u0131, tesise \u00f6zg\u00fc uygulanan y\u00f6ntemler, ayn\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin farkl\u0131 \u00fcretim s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00fcrelerinde \u00fcretilmesi gibi fakt\u00f6rlerle \u00fcretim teknikleri aras\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck farklar olabilir.<\/p>\n

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Seramik Pi\u015firme F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131, Ceramic kiln Seramik Nedir Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p><\/div>\n

Hammaddeler genel olarak kapal\u0131 silolar i\u00e7inde depolan\u0131r. Silikat hammaddeleri, tu\u011fla-kiremit, yer-duvar karolar\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda do\u011fal bile\u015fimleri ile kullan\u0131labilir; fakat porselen ve s\u0131hhi tesisat \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir seramik \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan hammadde, katk\u0131 ve su oranlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren tablolar re\u00e7ete olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel seramikler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere seramik \u00fcretiminde birden fazla hammadde yer almaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131, yap\u0131 malzemeleri, s\u0131hhi tesisat ve porselen yap\u0131m\u0131nda temel olarak kil, feldspat ve kuvars mineralleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\nSeramik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan malzeme gruplar\u0131 Seramik hammaddelerinin ayr\u0131 veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m halinde \u015fekillendirmeye uygun bir k\u0131vamdaki masse (\u00e7amur) haline getirme i\u00e7in uygulanan t\u00fcm i\u015flemler \u201cseramik masse haz\u0131rlama\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131rma, \u00d6\u011f\u00fctme, Tane gruplar\u0131na ay\u0131rma, Suyunu azaltma veya tamamen kurutma, Dozajlama (Re\u00e7ete olu\u015fturma), Sulu \u00d6\u011f\u00fctme, D\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00e7amuru, seramik hamuru veya Gran\u00fcl hale getirme, Gran\u00fclleri Bantlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131ma, Pres \u00fcst\u00fc silolarda stoklama i\u015flemleridir.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lacak olan i\u015flemler \u015fekillendirme y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re belirlenmektedir. Kaba seramik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/a> \u00fcretiminde kuru y\u00f6ntem yani kuru k\u0131rma ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme yap\u0131l\u0131rken, ince seramik \u00fcretiminde sulu y\u00f6ntem uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Kaba seramiklerde ortalama boyutu birka\u00e7 mm\u2019ye varan masseler haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken ince seramiklerde 0,1 mm alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclecek \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir. Sulu olarak \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f massedeki su miktar\u0131, plastik (%17) d\u00f6k\u00fcmle \u015fekillendirme i\u00e7in (%30) presleme ile (%7) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir. Kaba seramik mamulleri \u00fcretiminde kuru olarak k\u0131r\u0131lan ve \u00fcretilen masseler elenerek tane gruplar\u0131na ayr\u0131lmakta ve silolarda stoklanmaktad\u0131r. Dozajlanan tane gruplar\u0131 \u015fekillendirme prosesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hedeflenen k\u0131vam\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde su ve katk\u0131 ilave edilerek \u015fekillendirmeye haz\u0131r hale getirilmektedir. Bu a\u015famada \u00e7e\u015fitli kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc bilyal\u0131 de\u011firmenlerdir. Seramik Nedir Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Seramik nedir, nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r? Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131 seramik malzemeleri nelerdir? Seramik \u015fekillendirme, presleme, kurutma, s\u0131rlama, pi\u015firme i\u015flemlerinin a\u015famalar\u0131 nelerdir? Makalemizde seramik ile ilgili \u00f6nemli konular\u0131 inceledik. Seramik Nedir, Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? Seramik; birbirine kimyasal olarak iyonik ve\/veya kovalent ba\u011fl\u0131 metalik malzemelerin, metal olmayan elementlerle olu\u015fturdu\u011fu inorganik ve metal d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kat\u0131 malzemelerdir. Seramik, hammadde ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[252],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-resim-cizim-teknikleri"],"yoast_head":"\nSeramik Nedir Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? - Arthipo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Seramik Nedir, Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r Malzemeleri Nelerdir Nas\u0131l \u015eekillendirilir Kurutma Presleme S\u0131rlama, Boyama Pi\u015firme porselen Al\u00e7\u0131 Kal\u0131p\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/resim-cizim-teknikleri\/seramik-nedir-nasil-yapilir.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Seramik Nedir Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? 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