{"id":12874,"date":"2021-09-13T01:54:52","date_gmt":"2021-09-12T22:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/?p=12874"},"modified":"2021-09-26T13:50:10","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T10:50:10","slug":"hitit-devleti-medeniyeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/sanat-tarihi\/hitit-devleti-medeniyeti.html","title":{"rendered":"Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti<\/h2>\n

Hitit Devleti medeniyeti, Eski Hitit krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fkenti Hattu\u015fa\u015f<\/a> (modern Bo\u011fazk\u00f6y ), Halys viraj\u0131nda, M\u00d6 2. biny\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011finde Anadolu’nun b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc birka\u00e7 eyaletten biriydi . En g\u00fczel an\u0131tlar\u0131, takip eden imparatorluk d\u00f6neminden kalmad\u0131r. Stratejik olarak kayal\u0131k bir ge\u00e7ide yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan ba\u015fkent, y\u00fcksek bir kale kayas\u0131na (B\u00fcy\u00fckkale) kadar y\u00fckselen bir i\u00e7 muhafazaya sahiptir. \u0130mparatorluk d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fleyen d\u0131\u015f \u015fehir, d\u00f6rt millik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devire sahiptir. Tahkimatlar, Savunma kuleleri ve kiklopik duvar \u00f6rg\u00fcs\u00fcnden (har\u00e7s\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fczensiz bloklar) olu\u015fan \u00e7ift duvarlar, kendisi bir ta\u015f apron duvar\u0131 ile korunan ta\u015f y\u00fczl\u00fc bir toprak sur \u00fczerinde durmaktad\u0131r. Kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bindirmeli kemerleri, Ge\u00e7 Asur saraylar\u0131n\u0131n heykellerini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren aslanlar veya sfenksler gibi portal heykellerle \u00e7evrelenmi\u015ftir. Bir kemerin ta\u015f kap\u0131 s\u00f6vesi \u00fczerine oyulmu\u015f, karakteristik olarak Hitit k\u0131sa ete\u011fi ve konik mi\u011fferi giyen bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc r\u00f6lyefidir.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin ba\u015fka yerlerinde \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131nabilir d\u00f6rt bina vard\u0131r: en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tamamen kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan tap\u0131naklar. S\u00fctunlu geni\u015f bir avlu ve bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir tap\u0131nak etraf\u0131nda planlanm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7e\u015fitli ma\u011faza odalar\u0131yla \u00e7evrili devasa bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellikler ve ana kutsal alan\u0131n izole konumunun Mezopotamya veya Suriye tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir benzerli\u011fi yoktur.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Hattusas Hittite Bogazkoy
Hititler Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti Mimarisi Heykeller Kabartmalar<\/p><\/div>\n

Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti Heykeller<\/h2>\n

Modern Hitit bilgisi heykel, \u00f6nce Hattu\u015fa’n\u0131n portal heykellerinden, ikincisi ise kaya heykelleri, denilen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcsleyenler de dahil Yaz\u0131l\u0131kaya, il\u00e7enin biraz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. Burada, kalkerdeki g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131lan derin yar\u0131klar k\u00fclt i\u00e7in bir ortam olu\u015fturuyor, kayan\u0131n dikey y\u00fczlerine kabartmalar oyulmu\u015ftur. Girintilerden veya odalardan biri, baz\u0131lar\u0131 uygun k\u00fclt hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde duran veya hiyeroglif bir yaz\u0131tla tan\u0131mlanan tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bir g\u00f6sterisiyle s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Bu fig\u00fcrler sadece ortalama bir ustal\u0131kla oyulmu\u015ftur ve ikonografinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Hitit kraliyet ailesinin birlikte evlendi\u011fi Hurrial\u0131lardan \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci veya i\u00e7 kutsal alandaki fig\u00fcrler ise dinsel co\u015fkudan esinlenen bir sanat eseri ile oyulmu\u015ftur. Bir tanr\u0131n\u0131n koruyucu kuca\u011f\u0131nda gen\u00e7 bir kral\u0131n (Tudhaliyas IV) fig\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00f6n\u00fcndeki kayaya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir han\u00e7er saplanmas\u0131n\u0131n sembolizminden pek de etkileyici de\u011fildir. Anadolu’nun ba\u015fka yerlerinde bu d\u00f6neme ait kaya kabartmalar\u0131 -Sirkeli, G\u00e2vur Kalesi ve \u00d6rne\u011fin Fraktin, esas olarak arkeolojik ilgi alan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f r\u00f6lyeflere ve Demir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’na g\u00f6re oymada daha yetersizler, ki bunlara g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek var. Toros Da\u011flar\u0131’ndaki \u0130vriz Harabesi, bir bereket tanr\u0131s\u0131na sayg\u0131 duru\u015funda bulunan M\u00d6 8. y\u00fczy\u0131l yerel bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir .<\/p>\n

\"\"

Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti Mimarisi Heykeller Kabartmalar<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0130vriz Harabesi gibi an\u0131tlar Hitit tarihinin ilgin\u00e7 bir sonras\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1190 y\u0131l\u0131nda BC imparatorluk y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 Frigler Anadolu platosunda anavatanlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclen Hititler, ancak 10-8 y\u00fczy\u0131llarda onlar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir par\u00e7as\u0131 yolcular olarak tekrar ortaya gibi \u015fehir-devletleriMilid (modern Arslantepe-Malatya), Sam\u02beal (modern zincirli) ve Karkam\u0131\u015f, Toroslar’da veya Kuzey Suriye’de, siyasi otoriteyi yerli Aramiler ve di\u011fer halklarla payla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 yerde. Bu Syro-Hitit d\u00f6neminde, onlar\u0131n sanat\u0131 ve mimarisi melezdi ve Hititlerin s\u0131k s\u0131k maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asur’dan ve ayr\u0131ca Finike ve M\u0131s\u0131r’dan \u00e7ok etkilenen olduk\u00e7a a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir karaktere sahipti. Binalar\u0131nda g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan heykellerduvarlar\u0131n tabanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen ortostatlar, genellikle kaba, siyah bazalttan garip bir \u015fekilde beyaz kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 ile d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc. S\u00fctunlar, kaideleri ve ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f olan ah\u015faptan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve ger\u00e7ek boyuttan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yekpare heykeller ortak bir \u00f6zelliktir. Tahkimatlar hala \u015fehirlerinin \u00f6nemli bir y\u00f6n\u00fc. Zincirli’dekiler yar\u0131m mil \u00e7ap\u0131nda yuvarlak bir kasabay\u0131 \u00e7evreliyor ve ortas\u0131nda bir saray kompleksi i\u00e7eren y\u00fcksek duvarl\u0131 bir kale var. T\u00fcm Suriye saraylar\u0131 gibi, bunlar da s\u00fctunlu bir revak, \u00e7at\u0131ya biti\u015fik bir merdiven bulunan uzun bir kabul odas\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fen say\u0131da emeklilik odas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir veya daha fazla bit hilani birimi i\u00e7erir (bkz. Sanat ve mimari, Suriye-Filistin). Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fiBit hilani oldu\u011funuKaparu Saray\u0131 Kh\u0101b\u016br Nehri’nin kayna\u011f\u0131na yak\u0131n y\u00fcksek \u1e24alaf. Neredeyse barbarca heykel dizisi, \u015fehrin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Arami oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. onlara rakiplerine g\u00f6re bir avantaj sa\u011flad\u0131. Demir, demirin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bronzdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fyalardan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir malzemeydi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hitit Sanat\u0131 ve Mimarisi<\/b><\/h2>\n

Hititler t\u00fcccarlard\u0131 ve m\u00fckemmel metal i\u015fleme becerileri geli\u015ftirdiler. 1400’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda demirden aletler ve silahlar gibi nesneler yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar, bu da onlara rakiplerine g\u00f6re bir avantaj sa\u011flad\u0131. Demir, kendinden \u00f6nce bir\u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bronzdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f e\u015fyalardan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir malzemeydi.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkent Hattu\u015fa’n\u0131n hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Yaz\u0131l\u0131kaya’da, do\u011fal kaya olu\u015fumlar\u0131 aras\u0131na bariyerler eklenerek yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k hava “odalar\u0131” Hitit tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n r\u00f6lyefleri ile s\u00fcsl\u00fcyor. Bu alan, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak ve muhtemelen h\u00fck\u00fcmdar hanedan\u0131n\u0131n atalar\u0131n\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na bir mezarl\u0131k alan\u0131yd\u0131. Kamusal yol kenar\u0131 kabartmalar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, belki de hanedan ve se\u00e7kinlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grubu i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir aland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hititler, b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 az say\u0131daki sanatsal kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n nispeten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan kaya kabartmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00fcreticileriydi. Metalden sanat eserleri yaratm\u0131\u015flar ve bir t\u00fcr i\u00e7me kab\u0131 olan ritton gibi \u00e7anak \u00e7\u00f6mlekler yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferli ta\u015flardan, bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belgeler i\u00e7in resmi imza g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck silindir m\u00fch\u00fcrler oydular. Ancak Hititler ta\u015f oymac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle de fig\u00fcr\u00fcn sa\u011flam bir ta\u015f y\u00fczeyden oyuldu\u011fu ancak ona ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabartma heykellerde \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Kabartmalar, sava\u015f arabalar\u0131nda baz\u0131 krallar, hayvanlar ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n sahnelerini i\u00e7eriyordu. Hitltlere ait bi\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli eser g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ankara’da bulunan Anadolu Medeniyetleri M\u00fczesi<\/a>‘nde sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti Mimarisi Heykeller Kabartmalar<\/p><\/div>\n

Hititler kalker kayal\u0131klarla \u00e7evrili kayal\u0131k bir arazide ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in bol miktarda do\u011fal kayna\u011fa sahipti. Mimarilerinin \u00e7o\u011fu kayboldu, ancak geriye kalanlar a\u011f\u0131r ta\u015f yap\u0131lardan olu\u015fan savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 mimari. Hattu\u015fa\u015f’\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u015fehirleri \u00e7evreleyen, baz\u0131lar\u0131 t\u00fcnelli, a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7ift duvarl\u0131 surlard\u0131. \u015eehir zamanla geni\u015fledik\u00e7e, surlar da b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Hititler her zaman kendilerini savunmaya haz\u0131rd\u0131lar. Baz\u0131 duvarlarda aslan ve sfenkslerin devasa giri\u015f heykellerinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck, kemerli kap\u0131lar vard\u0131. Hititler, kiklopik duvarc\u0131l\u0131k ad\u0131 verilen bir ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00fcslubunu kulland\u0131lar, bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 boyutta b\u00fcy\u00fck ta\u015flarla in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ancak har\u00e7 benzeri bir ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131yla (kum, \u00e7imento ve su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131) bir arada tutulmam\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lar. Hititler, s\u00fctunlarla \u00e7evrili bir giri\u015f hol\u00fc olan bit-hilani denilen bir t\u00fcr saray yap\u0131s\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar salona s\u00fctunlarla dizilmi\u015f bir merdivenden \u00e7\u0131karak yakla\u015ft\u0131lar. Hititler ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ok say\u0131da depolama alan\u0131, merkezi avlular ve \u00e7evreleyen s\u00fctun dizileri ile devasa tap\u0131nak yap\u0131lar\u0131 in\u015fa ettiler. Hattu\u015fa’da sadece biri kaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck tap\u0131nak in\u015fa edildi. Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti Hitit Devleti medeniyeti, Eski Hitit krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fkenti Hattu\u015fa\u015f (modern Bo\u011fazk\u00f6y ), Halys viraj\u0131nda, M\u00d6 2. biny\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011finde Anadolu’nun b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc birka\u00e7 eyaletten biriydi . En g\u00fczel an\u0131tlar\u0131, takip eden imparatorluk d\u00f6neminden kalmad\u0131r. Stratejik olarak kayal\u0131k bir ge\u00e7ide yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan ba\u015fkent, y\u00fcksek bir kale kayas\u0131na (B\u00fcy\u00fckkale) kadar y\u00fckselen bir i\u00e7 muhafazaya sahiptir. \u0130mparatorluk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sanat-tarihi"],"yoast_head":"\nHitit Devleti Medeniyeti - Arthipo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti Hitit Sanat\u0131 ve Mimarisi \u00f6zellikleri devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131 heykel hitit g\u00fcne\u015fi kabartmalar aslanl\u0131 kap\u0131\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arthipo.com\/artblog\/sanat-tarihi\/hitit-devleti-medeniyeti.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hitit Devleti Medeniyeti - 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